Newbery Medal Winner

The Matchlock Gun

by Walter D. Edmonds

Summary

Ten year old Edward Van Alstyne lives with his mother Gertrude and younger sister Trudy on an isolated farm in New York's Hudson Valley in 1756, during the border warfare of the French and Indian War. When his father rides off with the local militia to help defend a neighboring settlement, he leaves behind an old Spanish matchlock gun so heavy it has to be fired from a rest, and tells Edward that if raiders come, the boy is the one who must use it. Gertrude spends the tense days that follow drilling Edward on loading and priming the weapon, since her own hands are needed elsewhere and a child is the only person left in the house who can be spared to hold a post at the window. When a raiding party finally reaches the farm and sets it ablaze, Gertrude is struck down defending the children, and it falls to Edward alone to touch off the matchlock through the window, killing three of the attackers and scattering the rest before his father and the militia arrive.

It is a short, plainly told book, built almost entirely around that single afternoon of waiting and its violent resolution, and it reads in one sitting even for a young reader. The suspense comes from procedure as much as danger, the gun has to be loaded exactly right or it will not fire at all, which makes Edward's small, careful actions as gripping as the attack itself. Parents should know the ending is a child killing armed adults in self defense, described plainly rather than graphically, and that the raiders are drawn without individual names or motives.

Historical Context & Significance

The Matchlock Gun won the 1942 Newbery Medal for a book published by Dodd, Mead in 1941, illustrated by Paul Lantz. That year's honor books were Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little Town on the Prairie, Genevieve Foster's George Washington's World, Lois Lenski's Indian Captive: The Story of Mary Jemison, and Eva Roe Gaggin's Down Ryton Water. Edmonds based the story on a family account of a real 1756 raid passed down among the Van Alstyne descendants, and the Newbery gave no published citation explaining the choice.

The book's portrayal of the raiding party has drawn direct, named criticism in later decades. The children's literature critic Doris Seale wrote that it depicts Native Americans as pure horror, calling it possibly one of the worst descriptions of Native people in twentieth century children's literature and arguing that it eulogizes a colonial past built on treating Indigenous people as less than human, a judgment that has followed the book since.