Caldecott Medal Winner

Arrow to the Sun

by Gerald McDermott

Summary

Gerald McDermott adapts a Pueblo creation story, drawn from Acoma Pueblo tradition, about a boy born when the Lord of the Sun sends a spark of life down into a pueblo below. Growing up without a father and mocked by the other children for it, the boy sets out to find where he came from, and an old arrowsmith, moved by his determination, transforms him into an arrow and shoots him straight up into the sky to reach the Sun's own house. Once there, the Sun Lord will not simply accept that the boy is his son; he sends him through four trial kivas instead, chambers filled first with lions, then serpents, then bees, then finally a chamber of pure lightning, and the boy survives all four, proving his own claim through what he endures rather than through anything he says. Accepted at last as the Sun's true child, the boy returns to earth carrying the Sun's own power inside him, and his people celebrate his homecoming with a Dance of Life, a scene McDermott invented himself rather than drew from any single source, to give the story a communal ending rather than ending on the boy alone.

McDermott, who had already made animated short films of folktales from Africa, Japan and elsewhere before turning to picture books, illustrates the story in flat, brilliantly saturated gouache and ink, geometric suns, mesas and kiva chambers rendered almost like stained glass. It suits children around five to nine, and its four repeated trials, each harder and stranger than the last, give the story a clear rising structure even for a listener unfamiliar with Pueblo tradition going in.

Historical Context & Significance

Arrow to the Sun, published by Viking in 1974, won McDermott the 1975 Caldecott Medal, following a Caldecott runner up finish two years earlier for his film based book Anansi the Spider; the 1975 committee named a single Honor book, Tom Feelings's Jambo Means Hello. McDermott built much of his career on illustrated folktales pulled from across the world, Ashanti, Japanese, Irish, Brazilian and African sources among them, treating each one as a distinct research project into the culture it came from.

The book has also drawn pointed, named criticism from Pueblo scholars for how it handles that research. Debbie Reese, a scholar and citizen of Nambe Pueblo, has written that McDermott's story does not accurately represent Pueblo culture, and folklorist Eliot Singer separately catalogued inaccuracies in how McDermott adapted the source material, criticism that has followed the book even as it remains widely taught.