Nobel Laureate

The Hunger Angel

by Herta Müller

Summary

Leo Auberg is seventeen and lives in Sibiu, in the German speaking Transylvanian minority of Romania, when Soviet forces arrest him in January 1945 and deport him to a labor camp at Nowo Gorlowka in Ukraine, one of tens of thousands of ethnic Germans swept up in the same roundup. Herta Müller does not narrate five years of camp life as a continuous story. She builds it instead out of objects: a shovel Leo learns to handle so it no longer blisters him, a handkerchief his grandmother presses on him at the station with the words that become the book's own quiet refrain, a scrap of coal smuggled past a guard. Each object gets its own short chapter, and the accumulation of them does the work a linear plot would normally do, showing a body slowly reduced to its hunger and a mind that keeps finding ways to survive that reduction anyway.

The hunger itself becomes a character. Müller gives it a name, the hunger angel, a presence that torments the prisoners and also, in its own way, keeps them alive by fixing their whole attention on the next meal rather than on despair. Leo trades favors, hides food, and watches fellow prisoners die of things that are really just hunger wearing a different name, pneumonia, dysentery, the cold. The novel follows him toward the camp's end and a return home to Romania, though Müller is less interested in relief at that return than in what does not leave a survivor once the hunger itself is gone: a compulsion around food, a permanent sense of apartness from people who were never there, a story that keeps needing to be told and still comes out wrong.

Reading it means moving through short, dense chapters written closer to poetry than to conventional prose, each one built around a single image rather than a scene, and it rewards patience over momentum. It suits a reader drawn to a history rarely told in English, the postwar deportation of Germans out of Eastern Europe, told from inside one very young man's body rather than from a historian's distance.

Historical Context & Significance

The Swedish Academy gave Herta Müller the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature for a writer who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed. The Hunger Angel, published in German that same year as Atemschaukel, grew out of conversations Müller had with the poet Oskar Pastior, who had been deported to a Soviet labor camp in January 1945 and returned to Romania in 1949. The two had planned to write a book about his experience together; Pastior died in 2006 before they could, and Müller finished the novel from what she had already gathered plus her own mother's memories of deportation.

Müller lost her job as a translator in 1979 after refusing to inform for Romania's secret police, the Securitate, and was harassed for years afterward. She and her husband, the writer Richard Wagner, were finally allowed to leave for West Germany in 1987. The English translation, by Philip Boehm in 2012, won the Oxford Weidenfeld Translation Prize the following year and was a finalist for the Best Translated Book Award.