Never Won a Major Prize

Circe

by Madeline Miller

Summary

Circe narrates her own story for the first time, beginning as an awkward, overlooked daughter of the sun god Helios, mocked by her siblings and largely ignored by her father among the glittering cruelty of the Titans' court. She falls for a mortal fisherman, Glaucos, and uses a rare flower steeped in the blood of a fallen Titan to make him immortal, only to watch him fall instantly for the nymph Scylla instead; in jealous grief, Circe uses the same plant to transform Scylla into the six headed sea monster of later legend, the first proof that Circe herself is not merely divine but a witch, a practitioner of pharmaka. For that crime Zeus and her own father exile her permanently to the deserted island of Aiaia, where she spends centuries perfecting her craft, entertaining occasional visitors including the god Hermes, the inventor Daedalus, and her own niece, the sorceress Medea, fleeing with Jason after stealing the Golden Fleece. When a shipwrecked crew's captain rapes her, Circe begins transforming abusive sailors who land on her shore into pigs, sparing only the rare man who treats her decently, a defense that is exactly what awaits Odysseus when he arrives, until his own cleverness earns him a reprieve and, eventually, a year long love affair with her. He returns to his wife Penelope, leaving Circe pregnant with a son, Telegonus, whom she raises alone on Aiaia and fiercely protects from Athena's suspected designs on him. When a grown Telegonus insists on finding his father, Circe reluctantly arms him with a poisoned spear that accidentally kills Odysseus in a chance confrontation Telegonus never intended. Odysseus's widow and son come to Aiaia in the aftermath, and Circe, using knowledge she has held in reserve since witnessing Prometheus's punishment centuries earlier, finally forces her father to end her exile, then gathers her transformative flowers one final time and uses them on herself, choosing to become mortal at last.

Miller keeps the entire sweep of Greek mythology, the Titans, the Minotaur, the Argonauts, the whole Odyssey, tethered to one continuous, first person consciousness, and the effect is to make a figure the Odyssey treats as a minor, dangerous witch into a woman whose long, isolated life a reader comes to know from the inside; it reads warmly and quickly for a book covering literal centuries, propelled by Circe's own patient, increasingly confident voice.

Historical Context & Significance

Circe was shortlisted for the 2019 Women's Prize for Fiction and longlisted for the Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence the same year, and it won the 2018 Goodreads Choice Award for Fantasy, a readers' vote, along with the Kitschies' Red Tentacle for best novel that year and the American Library Association's Alex Award for adult books with strong appeal to teenage readers in 2019. Claire Messud, in the New York Times, called the novel pleasurable and its retelling highly psychologized and redemptive, while the Washington Post's Ron Charles situated it inside the Me Too moment, praising how it illuminates details in Homer's story that a reader might never have noticed before.

Circe followed Miller's 2011 debut The Song of Achilles as a companion return to Greek epic, drawing on her academic training in classics. An eight episode HBO Max adaptation was announced in 2019 with Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver attached to write and produce, but it remains undeveloped years later, leaving the novel, so far, without a screen life of its own.